Conflict Expression Tendencies in Workgroups: Measure Validation and a Test of Theory

Building on conflict expression theory, the authors develop and validate a measure of workgroup conflict expression tendencies (the “CET” measure). The CET is comprised of four dimensions—Argue, Debate, Subvert, and Disguise—defined by the directness and intensity of expressed opposition. Across six studies with diverse samples, the measure shows strong psychometric properties and convergent, discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity. Conflict expression tendencies relate appropriately to adjacent constructs, are distinct from conflict types (task, process, relationship) and management strategies, and explain incremental variance in trust, emotions, and information acquisition. They conclude with directions for future research on conflict expression in groups.