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Working Paper

In no more than seven years, Indonesia, the world's most populous majority Muslim country, has made a remarkable transition from an authoritarian to a democratic political system. Against heavy odds, and despite bleak prognoses that this process and the country itself would collapse, Indonesia has meanwhile developed many attributes of a consolidated democracy. As indicated by pervasive and endemic corruption, what has emerged in Indonesia, however, is a patrimonial democracy in which the rule of law is weak and the government's effective capacity to govern is limited.

Although patrimonialism has deep roots in Indonesian political history, there are nonetheless growing signs that electoral competition will push Indonesian democracy in a more liberal direction. A new and rare Muslim democratic star is thus rising in the Far East.

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